A recent paper titled: ‘On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research’ published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE ) has indicated that renewable energy systems can power all energy in all regions of the world at low cost. As such, society will not need to rely on fossil fuels in the future. In the early 2020s, there is growing scientific consensus that renewable energy generated by solar panels and wind turbines and the associated infrastructure will dominate the future energy system, and new research increasingly shows that 100% renewable energy systems are not only feasible but also cost effective.